Pumping systems account for nearly 20% of the world’s electrical energy demand and rangefrom 25-50% of the energy usage in certain industrial plant operations (US DOE, 2004).
Pumps have two main purposes:
Transfer of liquid from one place to another place (e.g. water from an undergroundaquifer into a water storage tank)
Circulate liquid around a system (e.g. cooling water or lubricants through machines andequipment)
The main components of a pumpingsystem are:
Pumps (different types of pumps areexplained in section 2)
Prime movers: electric motors,diesel engines or air system
Piping, used to carry the fluid
Valves, used to control the flow inthe system
Other fittings, controls andinstrumentation
End-use equipment, which havedifferent requirements (e.g. pressure,flow) and therefore determine thepumping system components andconfiguration. Examples include heat exchangers, tanks and hydraulic machines.
The pump and the prime mover are typically the most energy inefficient components.
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